Labelu
A yw Nutri-Score yn newid beth mae pobl yn ei brynu?
Ychydig. Efallai bod yr effaith fwyaf ar weithgynhyrchwyr yn hailfodelu i gael sgôr well, sydd ddim yn hynod o'r ddadl fel arfer.
Beth mae'r adolygiadau yn ei ddod o hyd i
Mae adolygiad systematig yn 2025 o effeithiolrwydd Nutri-Score [1] a adolygiad o effaith labelu ar y blaen [4] yn cyd-fynd: mae labeli'n newid prynu yn y cyfeiriad a fwriadwyd, ac mae'r newid yn fach. Mae gwaith dilysu meini prawf [2] yn mynd i gwestiwn gwahanol a chynharach — a yw'r algorithm yn rhestru bwydydd fel y byddai gwyddoniaeth faeth yn ei wneud — ac mae'r ateb yn eang yn ie, gyda achosion ymylol a adwaenir.
Mae'r mynegeion deietegol sy'n sail i'r systemau hyn hefyd wedi cael eu harchwilio [3], sy'n bwysig oherwydd bod algorithm proffilio yn codio beirniadaethau dadleuol am ba faetholion i roi pwysau arnynt.
Effaith labelu ar y blaen
Yr achosion ymylol a adwaenir
Mae beirniaid yn pwyntio at olew olewydd, cnau a chaws yn sgorio'n waeth na'r dealltwriaeth, ac at rai diodydd diet yn sgorio'n dda. Mae rhywfaint o hyn yn deg ac mae rhywfaint yn camddeall y dyluniad: mae Nutri-Score yn cymharu o fewn categori ar sail pob 100 g ac nid yw'n farn ar a yw bwyd yn perthyn i ddeiet iach.
Mae adolygiadau algorithm diweddar wedi mynd i'r afael â nifer o'r achosion hyn. Mae'r pwynt dyfnach yn sefyll: ni all llythyr sengl gofrestru popeth am fwyd, ac mae trin hynny fel pe bai'n gwneud hynny yn gamddefnydd yn hytrach na flaw.
Beth mae honiad iechyd yn ei olygu'n gyfreithiol
Yn yr UE, mae honiadau maeth a iechyd wedi'u rheoleiddio: dim ond honiadau awdurdodedig gyda sylfaen dystiolaeth dderbyniol a all ymddangos, ac mae pob un wedi'i gysylltu â chyflyrau penodol o ddefnydd. "Mae'n cyfrannu at weithrediad imiwnedd normal" yw frawddeg drwyddedig gyda sylfaen benodol, nid prosa marchnata.
Beth nid yw wedi'i reoleiddio yw popeth o'i chwmpas — delweddau, iaith tarddiad, a thermau fel "naturiol" neu "iawn". Mae'r honiad rheoledig yn aml yn y datganiad lleiaf camarweiniol ar y pecyn.
Cwestiynau cyffredin
A yw Nutri-Score yn gywir?
Mae gwaith dilysu yn dod o hyd iddo'n rhestru bwydydd yn eang yn unol â chymhwysedd maeth [2], gyda achosion ymylol a diwygiadau.
Pam mae olew olewydd yn sgorio'n wael?
Mae'n dynn ynni ac yn sgorio ar bob 100 g. Mae'r system yn cymharu o fewn categori yn hytrach na datgan bod bwydydd yn dda neu'n wael.
A ddylai Nutri-Score fod yn orfodol yn yr UE?
Cwestiwn gwleidyddol. Mae'r dystiolaeth yn cefnogi "mae'n helpu ychydig ac ni wna ni niwed", sy'n achos gwanach na'r ddwy ochr yn ei gwneud.
Cyfeiriadau
Mae pob dyfyniad isod yn cysylltu â'r cofrestr adolygedig cyfoes gwreiddiol ar PubMed neu trwy DOI. Nid yw dim yma yn gymhwysedd ar gyfer cyngor meddygol.
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Efficacy of phytosterols for reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and updated dose-response meta-analyses of randomized trials Zurbau A, Haintz L, Chen V, et al. · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 42275989
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Nutri-Score effectiveness in improving consumers' nutrition literacy, food choices, health, and healthy eating pattern adherence: A systematic review Muzzioli L, Scenna D, Frigerio F, et al. · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40712552
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Criterion validation of nutrient profiling systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis Barrett EM, Afrin H, Rayner M, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 37863430
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Dietary indices underpinning front-of-pack nutrition labels and health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies Montericcio A, Bonaccio M, Ghulam A, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 38145705
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The Potential Effectiveness of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857543
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The Potential Effectiveness of Nutrient Declarations and Nutrition and Health Claims for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857539
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Impact of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in consumer understanding and use across socio-economic status: A systematic review Shrestha A, Cullerton K, White KM, et al. · Appetite · 2023 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 37169260
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Lifestyle, psychological and socio-demographic drivers in functional food choice: a systematic literature review based on bibliometric and network analysis Zanchini R, Di Vita G, Brun F · International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2022 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 35264074
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A Systematic Review of Salt Reduction Initiatives Around the World: A Midterm Evaluation of Progress Towards the 2025 Global Non-Communicable Diseases Salt Reduction Target Santos JA, Tekle D, Rosewarne E, et al. · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 33693460Full text
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Impact of color-coded and warning nutrition labelling schemes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis Song J, Brown MK, Tan M, et al. · PLoS medicine · 2021 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 34610024Full text
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Health Benefits of Whey or Colostrum Supplementation in Adults ≥35 Years; a Systematic Review Blair M, Kellow NJ, Dordevic AL, et al. · Nutrients · 2020 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31979025Full text
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The relationship between food label use and dietary intake in adults: A systematic review Anastasiou K, Miller M, Dickinson K · Appetite · 2019 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31010704
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Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims proposed under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the area of blood glucose and insulin concentrations Martini D, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, et al. · Acta diabetologica · 2018 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 29383587
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Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: functional foods Crowe KM, Francis C · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2013 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 23885705
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Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials Williamson G, Coppens P, Serra-Majem L, et al. · Food & function · 2011 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 21927741
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Position of the American Dietetic Association: functional foods Hasler CM, Brown AC · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 2009 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 19338113
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Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan-enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial Hjorth T, Schadow A, Revheim I, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40571100Full text
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A randomized controlled trial to test the effects of displaying the Nutri-Score in food advertising on consumer perceptions and intentions to purchase and consume Courbet D, Jacquemier L, Hercberg S, et al. · The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38622707Full text
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The impact of the nutri-score on food choice: A choice experiment in a Dutch supermarket van den Akker K, Bartelet D, Brouwer L, et al. · Appetite · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34453996
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Labels Affect Food Choices, but in What Ways? Kühne SJ, Reijnen E, Granja G, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35956380Full text
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Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery: Effects on Performance and Preference in Italian Consumers Fialon M, Serafini M, Galan P, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36079769Full text
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Impact of different front-of-pack nutrition labels on online food choices Santos O, Alarcão V, Feteira-Santos R, et al. · Appetite · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32798050
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Functional Foods in Modern Nutrition Science: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Public Health Implications Fekete M, Lehoczki A, Kryczyk-Poprawa A, et al. · Nutrients · 2025 · Review DOIPubMed 40647258Full text
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Establishing an EU-wide front-of-pack nutrition label: Review of options and model-based evaluation Devaux M, Aldea A, Lerouge A, et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2024 · Review DOIPubMed 38326224
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Towards unified and impactful policies to reduce ultra-processed food consumption and promote healthier eating Popkin BM, Barquera S, Corvalan C, et al. · The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2021 · Review DOIPubMed 33865500Full text
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The Influence of Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling on Consumer Behavior and Product Reformulation Roberto CA, Ng SW, Ganderats-Fuentes M, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2021 · Review DOIPubMed 34339293
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Impact of Salt Intake on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hypertension Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2017 · Review DOIPubMed 27757935
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Appetite control: methodological aspects of the evaluation of foods Blundell J, de Graaf C, Hulshof T, et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2010 · Review DOIPubMed 20122136Full text
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Purchase behavior reported by Mexican adults after implementing the front-of-pack warning labels Sagaceta-Mejia J, Durán R, Munguía A, et al. · Salud publica de Mexico · 2025 · Journal article DOIPubMed 41150992
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[Nutri-Score: A public health tool validated by science and fought by agri-food lobbies] Hercberg S · Bulletin du cancer · 2024 · Journal article DOIPubMed 38565441
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Front-of-pack labels: "Directive" versus "informative" approaches Donini LM, Berry EM, Folkvord F, et al. · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2023 · Journal article DOIPubMed 36401998
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"Front-of-pack" nutrition labeling Sinu Scientific Board, Sinu Scientific Committee · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2021 · Journal article DOIPubMed 34565661