Food Label Evidence

Skilti

Breytir Nutri-Score raunverulega því sem fólk kaupir?

Ákveðið. Stærri áhrifin kunna að vera á framleiðendur sem endurmóta til að fá betri einkunn, sem er ekki það sem umræða um þetta snýst venjulega um.

Uppfært 2 mín lesning 40 tilvísanir Sönnunargildi 4/5

Skiptiskóla máltíðaskál sem heldur kornum, próteini, mjólkurvörum, grænmeti og ávöxtum
U.S. Department of Agriculture · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Hvað endurskoðanirnar finna

Kerfisbundin endurskoðun frá 2025 á árangri Nutri-Score [1] og endurskoðun á áhrifum næringarskilta á framan [4] samræmast: merkin breyta kaupum í þá átt sem ætlað er, og breytingin er lítil. Gæðastaðfestingarvinna [2] fjallar um annað og fyrra spurning — hvort reikniritin raða matvælum á þann hátt sem næringarfræði myndi gera — og svarið er að mestu leyti já, með þekktum undantekningum.

Fæðutölu sem liggja til grundvallar þessum kerfum hafa einnig verið skoðaðar [3], sem skiptir máli vegna þess að prófíll reikniritin kóðar umdeilanlegar dómgreindir um hvaða næringarefni eigi að vega.

Áhrif næringarskilta á framan

Þekktar undantekningar

Gagnrýnendur benda á að ólífuolía, hnetur og ostur skori verr en innsæi bendir til, og að sumar diet drykkir skori vel. Sumt af þessu er sanngjarnt og annað misskilur hönnunina: Nutri-Score ber saman innan flokka á 100 g grunni og er ekki dómur um hvort matvara eigi heima í hollu mataræði.

Nýlegar breytingar á reikniritum tóku á nokkrum af þessum tilfellum. Dýrmætari punkturinn stendur: eitt stafur getur ekki kóðað allt um matvöru, og að meðhöndla það eins og það geri er misnotkun frekar en galli.

Hvað heilsuábyrgð þýðir lagalega

Í ESB eru næringar- og heilsuábyrgðir stjórnað: aðeins heimilar ábyrgðir með samþykktum sönnunargögnum mega koma fram, og hver er tengd sérstökum notkunarskilyrðum. "Lítillega stuðlar að eðlilegri ónæmisstarfsemi" er leyfð setning með skilgreindum grunni, ekki markaðssetning.

Það sem ekki er stjórnað er allt sem umlykur það — myndir, upprunaskilgreiningar og hugtök eins og "náttúrulegt" eða "hollt". Stjórnað ábyrgðin er oft sú minnst villandi yfirlýsing á pakkanum.

Algengar spurningar

Er Nutri-Score nákvæmt?
Staðfestingarrannsóknir sýna að það raðar matvælum í grófum dráttum í samræmi við næringargildi [2], með jaðartilvikum og endurskoðunum.
Af hverju fær ólífuolía slæma einkunn?
Hún er orkuþétt og einkunnin er reiknuð á hverja 100 g. Kerfið ber saman innan flokka fremur en að úrskurða matvæli góð eða slæm.
Breyta merkingar hegðun?
Í hóflegum mæli [1][4]. Endurmótun uppskrifta gæti verið stærri áhrifaþátturinn.
Ætti Nutri-Score að vera skyldubundið í ESB?
Pólitísk spurning. Gögnin styðja „það hjálpar örlítið og veldur engum skaða“, sem er veikari niðurstaða en hvor fylkingin heldur fram.
Kaldur ávöxtur og grænmeti í verslun í Stokkhólmi
Frankie Fouganthin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Tengd lesefni

Sönnunargrunnur þessa síðu Staflaður súla sem sýnir samsetningu 40 útgáfanna sem vísað er til á þessari síðu eftir rannsóknartegund. 1622meta-analysis (16)randomised trial (22)review (2)
40 ritgerðir, 2002–2026. Þetta er blanda af bæði rannsóknum og samantektum, sem er sú staða sem kröfu um orsök er skynsamlegt að gera. Heimild: tilvísunarlisti þessarar síðu, hér að neðan.

Tilvísanir

Hver tilvísun hér að neðan tengist upprunalegu ritrýndu skjalinu á PubMed eða í gegnum DOI. Ekkert hér er staðgengill fyrir læknisfræðilega ráðgjöf.

  1. Efficacy of phytosterols for reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and updated dose-response meta-analyses of randomized trials Zurbau A, Haintz L, Chen V, et al. · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 42275989
  2. Nutri-Score effectiveness in improving consumers' nutrition literacy, food choices, health, and healthy eating pattern adherence: A systematic review Muzzioli L, Scenna D, Frigerio F, et al. · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40712552
  3. Criterion validation of nutrient profiling systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis Barrett EM, Afrin H, Rayner M, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 37863430
  4. Dietary indices underpinning front-of-pack nutrition labels and health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies Montericcio A, Bonaccio M, Ghulam A, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 38145705
  5. The Potential Effectiveness of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857543
  6. The Potential Effectiveness of Nutrient Declarations and Nutrition and Health Claims for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857539
  7. Impact of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in consumer understanding and use across socio-economic status: A systematic review Shrestha A, Cullerton K, White KM, et al. · Appetite · 2023 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 37169260
  8. Lifestyle, psychological and socio-demographic drivers in functional food choice: a systematic literature review based on bibliometric and network analysis Zanchini R, Di Vita G, Brun F · International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2022 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 35264074
  9. A Systematic Review of Salt Reduction Initiatives Around the World: A Midterm Evaluation of Progress Towards the 2025 Global Non-Communicable Diseases Salt Reduction Target Santos JA, Tekle D, Rosewarne E, et al. · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 33693460Full text
  10. Impact of color-coded and warning nutrition labelling schemes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis Song J, Brown MK, Tan M, et al. · PLoS medicine · 2021 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 34610024Full text
  11. Health Benefits of Whey or Colostrum Supplementation in Adults ≥35 Years; a Systematic Review Blair M, Kellow NJ, Dordevic AL, et al. · Nutrients · 2020 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31979025Full text
  12. The relationship between food label use and dietary intake in adults: A systematic review Anastasiou K, Miller M, Dickinson K · Appetite · 2019 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31010704
  13. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims proposed under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the area of blood glucose and insulin concentrations Martini D, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, et al. · Acta diabetologica · 2018 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 29383587
  14. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: functional foods Crowe KM, Francis C · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2013 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 23885705
  15. Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials Williamson G, Coppens P, Serra-Majem L, et al. · Food & function · 2011 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 21927741
  16. Position of the American Dietetic Association: functional foods Hasler CM, Brown AC · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 2009 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 19338113
  17. Cow's milk compared to oat drink and its implications for lipid profile- a pilot randomized controlled trial Rosendahl-Riise H, Gravrok EO, Rung SL, et al. · Nutrition journal · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41851782Full text
  18. Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan-enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial Hjorth T, Schadow A, Revheim I, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40571100Full text
  19. Nutri-score label influence on food purchase intention depends on consumers' expectations of healthiness Yamim AP, Werle COC · Appetite · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 39827945
  20. Do financial constraint and perceived stress modify the effects of food tax schemes on food purchases: moderation analyses in a virtual supermarket experiment Djojosoeparto SK, Poelman MP, Eykelenboom M, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38224250Full text
  21. A randomized controlled trial to test the effects of displaying the Nutri-Score in food advertising on consumer perceptions and intentions to purchase and consume Courbet D, Jacquemier L, Hercberg S, et al. · The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38622707Full text
  22. A Randomized Controlled Study to Test Front-of-Pack (FOP) Nutrition Labels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Shin S, Alqunaibet AM, Alsukait RF, et al. · Nutrients · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 37447230Full text
  23. The impact of the nutri-score on food choice: A choice experiment in a Dutch supermarket van den Akker K, Bartelet D, Brouwer L, et al. · Appetite · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34453996
  24. Impact of front-of-pack labels on the perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink: a randomised experiment in five countries Jáuregui A, White CM, Vanderlee L, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34726144Full text
  25. Effects of Digital Food Labels on Healthy Food Choices in Online Grocery Shopping Fuchs KL, Lian J, Michels L, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35631185Full text
  26. Secondary Outcomes of a Front-of-Pack-Labelling Randomised Controlled Experiment in a Representative British Sample: Understanding, Ranking Speed and Perceptions Packer J, Russell SJ, Ridout D, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35683988Full text
  27. Labels Affect Food Choices, but in What Ways? Kühne SJ, Reijnen E, Granja G, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35956380Full text
  28. Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery: Effects on Performance and Preference in Italian Consumers Fialon M, Serafini M, Galan P, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36079769Full text
  29. Impact of different front-of-pack nutrition labels on online food choices Santos O, Alarcão V, Feteira-Santos R, et al. · Appetite · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32798050
  30. Understanding of different front-of-package labels by the Spanish population: Results of a comparative study Galan P, Egnell M, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. · Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31122890
  31. Enhancing the effectiveness of the Health Star Rating via presentation modifications Pettigrew S, Dana L, Talati Z · Australian and New Zealand journal of public health · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31777119
  32. Randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of within versus across-category front-of-package lower-calorie labelling on food demand Finkelstein EA, Ang FJL, Doble B · BMC public health · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32164634Full text
  33. Pilot randomized controlled trial testing the influence of front-of-pack sugar warning labels on food demand Ang FJL, Agrawal S, Finkelstein EA · BMC public health · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 30732609Full text
  34. Acceptability and understanding of front-of-pack nutritional labels: an experimental study in Mexican consumers Vargas-Meza J, Jáuregui A, Contreras-Manzano A, et al. · BMC public health · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31888575Full text
  35. The Effect of Randomly Providing Nutri-Score Information on Actual Purchases in Colombia Mora-García CA, Tobar LF, Young JC · Nutrients · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 30813605Full text
  36. A randomised controlled trial comparing a dietary antiplatelet, the water-soluble tomato extract Fruitflow, with 75 mg aspirin in healthy subjects O'Kennedy N, Crosbie L, Song HJ, et al. · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2017 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 27876806Full text
  37. Prebiotic Potential of a Maize-Based Soluble Fibre and Impact of Dose on the Human Gut Microbiota Costabile A, Deaville ER, Morales AM, et al. · PloS one · 2016 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 26731113Full text
  38. Behavioural effects of directive cues on front-of-package nutrition information: the combination matters! Koenigstorfer J, Wąsowicz-Kiryło G, Styśko-Kunkowska M, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2014 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 23954043Full text
  39. Not all nutrition claims are perceived equal: anchoring effects and moderating mechanisms in food advertising Paek HJ, Yoon HJ, Hove T · Health communication · 2011 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 21308579
  40. Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits: serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trial Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Vuksan V, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2002 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 11976156

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