Food Label Evidence

Skilti

Breytir Nutri-Score raunverulega því sem fólk kaupir?

Ákveðið. Stærri áhrifin kunna að vera á framleiðendur sem endurmóta til að fá betri einkunn, sem er ekki það sem umræða um þetta snýst venjulega um.

Uppfært 2 mín lesning 40 tilvísanir Sönnunargildi 4/5

Skiptiskóla máltíðaskál sem heldur kornum, próteini, mjólkurvörum, grænmeti og ávöxtum
U.S. Department of Agriculture · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Hvað endurskoðanirnar finna

Kerfisbundin endurskoðun frá 2025 á árangri Nutri-Score [1] og endurskoðun á áhrifum næringarskilta á framan [4] samræmast: merkin breyta kaupum í þá átt sem ætlað er, og breytingin er lítil. Gæðastaðfestingarvinna [2] fjallar um annað og fyrra spurning — hvort reikniritin raða matvælum á þann hátt sem næringarfræði myndi gera — og svarið er að mestu leyti já, með þekktum undantekningum.

Fæðutölu sem liggja til grundvallar þessum kerfum hafa einnig verið skoðaðar [3], sem skiptir máli vegna þess að prófíll reikniritin kóðar umdeilanlegar dómgreindir um hvaða næringarefni eigi að vega.

Áhrif næringarskilta á framan

Þekktar undantekningar

Gagnrýnendur benda á að ólífuolía, hnetur og ostur skori verr en innsæi bendir til, og að sumar diet drykkir skori vel. Sumt af þessu er sanngjarnt og annað misskilur hönnunina: Nutri-Score ber saman innan flokka á 100 g grunni og er ekki dómur um hvort matvara eigi heima í hollu mataræði.

Nýlegar breytingar á reikniritum tóku á nokkrum af þessum tilfellum. Dýrmætari punkturinn stendur: eitt stafur getur ekki kóðað allt um matvöru, og að meðhöndla það eins og það geri er misnotkun frekar en galli.

Hvað heilsuábyrgð þýðir lagalega

Í ESB eru næringar- og heilsuábyrgðir stjórnað: aðeins heimilar ábyrgðir með samþykktum sönnunargögnum mega koma fram, og hver er tengd sérstökum notkunarskilyrðum. "Lítillega stuðlar að eðlilegri ónæmisstarfsemi" er leyfð setning með skilgreindum grunni, ekki markaðssetning.

Það sem ekki er stjórnað er allt sem umlykur það — myndir, upprunaskilgreiningar og hugtök eins og "náttúrulegt" eða "hollt". Stjórnað ábyrgðin er oft sú minnst villandi yfirlýsing á pakkanum.

Algengar spurningar

Er Nutri-Score nákvæmt?
Staðfestingarrannsóknir sýna að það raðar matvælum í grófum dráttum í samræmi við næringargildi [2], með jaðartilvikum og endurskoðunum.
Af hverju fær ólífuolía slæma einkunn?
Hún er orkuþétt og einkunnin er reiknuð á hverja 100 g. Kerfið ber saman innan flokka fremur en að úrskurða matvæli góð eða slæm.
Breyta merkingar hegðun?
Í hóflegum mæli [1][4]. Endurmótun uppskrifta gæti verið stærri áhrifaþátturinn.
Ætti Nutri-Score að vera skyldubundið í ESB?
Pólitísk spurning. Gögnin styðja „það hjálpar örlítið og veldur engum skaða“, sem er veikari niðurstaða en hvor fylkingin heldur fram.
Kaldur ávöxtur og grænmeti í verslun í Stokkhólmi
Frankie Fouganthin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Tengd lesefni

Sönnunargrunnur þessa síðu Staflaður súla sem sýnir samsetningu 40 útgáfanna sem vísað er til á þessari síðu eftir rannsóknartegund. 1622meta-analysis (16)randomised trial (22)review (2)
40 ritgerðir, 2002–2026. Þetta er blanda af bæði rannsóknum og samantektum, sem er sú staða sem kröfu um orsök er skynsamlegt að gera. Heimild: tilvísunarlisti þessarar síðu, hér að neðan.

Tilvísanir

Hver tilvísun hér að neðan tengist upprunalegu ritrýndu skjalinu á PubMed eða í gegnum DOI. Ekkert hér er staðgengill fyrir læknisfræðilega ráðgjöf.

  1. Efficacy of phytosterols for reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and updated dose-response meta-analyses of randomized trials Zurbau A, Haintz L, Chen V, et al. · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 42275989
  2. Nutri-Score effectiveness in improving consumers' nutrition literacy, food choices, health, and healthy eating pattern adherence: A systematic review Muzzioli L, Scenna D, Frigerio F, et al. · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40712552
  3. Criterion validation of nutrient profiling systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis Barrett EM, Afrin H, Rayner M, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 37863430
  4. Dietary indices underpinning front-of-pack nutrition labels and health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies Montericcio A, Bonaccio M, Ghulam A, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 38145705
  5. The Potential Effectiveness of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857543
  6. The Potential Effectiveness of Nutrient Declarations and Nutrition and Health Claims for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857539
  7. Impact of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in consumer understanding and use across socio-economic status: A systematic review Shrestha A, Cullerton K, White KM, et al. · Appetite · 2023 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 37169260
  8. Lifestyle, psychological and socio-demographic drivers in functional food choice: a systematic literature review based on bibliometric and network analysis Zanchini R, Di Vita G, Brun F · International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2022 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 35264074
  9. A Systematic Review of Salt Reduction Initiatives Around the World: A Midterm Evaluation of Progress Towards the 2025 Global Non-Communicable Diseases Salt Reduction Target Santos JA, Tekle D, Rosewarne E, et al. · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 33693460Full text
  10. Impact of color-coded and warning nutrition labelling schemes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis Song J, Brown MK, Tan M, et al. · PLoS medicine · 2021 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 34610024Full text
  11. Health Benefits of Whey or Colostrum Supplementation in Adults ≥35 Years; a Systematic Review Blair M, Kellow NJ, Dordevic AL, et al. · Nutrients · 2020 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31979025Full text
  12. The relationship between food label use and dietary intake in adults: A systematic review Anastasiou K, Miller M, Dickinson K · Appetite · 2019 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31010704
  13. Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption Crockett RA, King SE, Marteau TM, et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 29482264Full text
  14. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims proposed under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the area of blood glucose and insulin concentrations Martini D, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, et al. · Acta diabetologica · 2018 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 29383587
  15. Consumers' responses to health claims in the context of other on-pack nutrition information: a systematic review Talati Z, Pettigrew S, Neal B, et al. · Nutrition reviews · 2017 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 28371913
  16. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: functional foods Crowe KM, Francis C · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2013 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 23885705
  17. Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials Williamson G, Coppens P, Serra-Majem L, et al. · Food & function · 2011 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 21927741
  18. Position of the American Dietetic Association: functional foods Hasler CM, Brown AC · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 2009 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 19338113
  19. Health claims increase snack consumption through reduced guilt and perceived healthiness Arslan N · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 42664557
  20. Cow's milk compared to oat drink and its implications for lipid profile- a pilot randomized controlled trial Rosendahl-Riise H, Gravrok EO, Rung SL, et al. · Nutrition journal · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41851782Full text
  21. Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan-enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial Hjorth T, Schadow A, Revheim I, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40571100Full text
  22. Nutri-score label influence on food purchase intention depends on consumers' expectations of healthiness Yamim AP, Werle COC · Appetite · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 39827945
  23. Parent and Child Choice of Sugary Drinks Under Four Labelling Conditions Talati Z, McAlpine T, Mackenzie K, et al. · Nutrients · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40507188Full text
  24. Do financial constraint and perceived stress modify the effects of food tax schemes on food purchases: moderation analyses in a virtual supermarket experiment Djojosoeparto SK, Poelman MP, Eykelenboom M, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38224250Full text
  25. A randomized controlled trial to test the effects of displaying the Nutri-Score in food advertising on consumer perceptions and intentions to purchase and consume Courbet D, Jacquemier L, Hercberg S, et al. · The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38622707Full text
  26. Becoming Healthier without Paying More? Experimental Evidence from the Impact of Multiple Traffic Lights on Chinese College Students Lin J, Wang T, Lin W · Nutrients · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38999872Full text
  27. A Randomized Controlled Study to Test Front-of-Pack (FOP) Nutrition Labels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Shin S, Alqunaibet AM, Alsukait RF, et al. · Nutrients · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 37447230Full text
  28. The impact of the nutri-score on food choice: A choice experiment in a Dutch supermarket van den Akker K, Bartelet D, Brouwer L, et al. · Appetite · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34453996
  29. Impact of front-of-pack labels on the perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink: a randomised experiment in five countries Jáuregui A, White CM, Vanderlee L, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34726144Full text
  30. Effects of Digital Food Labels on Healthy Food Choices in Online Grocery Shopping Fuchs KL, Lian J, Michels L, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35631185Full text
  31. Secondary Outcomes of a Front-of-Pack-Labelling Randomised Controlled Experiment in a Representative British Sample: Understanding, Ranking Speed and Perceptions Packer J, Russell SJ, Ridout D, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35683988Full text
  32. Labels Affect Food Choices, but in What Ways? Kühne SJ, Reijnen E, Granja G, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35956380Full text
  33. Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery: Effects on Performance and Preference in Italian Consumers Fialon M, Serafini M, Galan P, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36079769Full text
  34. Health gains through loss frames: Testing the effectiveness of message framing on citizens' use of nutritional warnings Eguren J, Antúnez L, Otterbring T, et al. · Appetite · 2021 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34146646
  35. Impact of different front-of-pack nutrition labels on online food choices Santos O, Alarcão V, Feteira-Santos R, et al. · Appetite · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32798050
  36. Understanding of different front-of-package labels by the Spanish population: Results of a comparative study Galan P, Egnell M, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. · Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31122890
  37. Enhancing the effectiveness of the Health Star Rating via presentation modifications Pettigrew S, Dana L, Talati Z · Australian and New Zealand journal of public health · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31777119
  38. Randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of within versus across-category front-of-package lower-calorie labelling on food demand Finkelstein EA, Ang FJL, Doble B · BMC public health · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32164634Full text
  39. Pilot randomized controlled trial testing the influence of front-of-pack sugar warning labels on food demand Ang FJL, Agrawal S, Finkelstein EA · BMC public health · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 30732609Full text
  40. Acceptability and understanding of front-of-pack nutritional labels: an experimental study in Mexican consumers Vargas-Meza J, Jáuregui A, Contreras-Manzano A, et al. · BMC public health · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31888575Full text

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