Food Label Evidence

Merkelapp

Endrer Nutri-Score hva folk kjøper?

Noe. Den større effekten kan være at produsenter reformulerer for å oppnå bedre poengsum, noe som ikke er hva debatten vanligvis handler om.

Oppdatert 2 min lesetid 40 henvisninger Bevisstyrke 4/5

Inndelt skolematbrett som holder korn, protein, meieriprodukter, grønnsaker og frukt
U.S. Department of Agriculture · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Hva gjennomgangene finner

En systematisk gjennomgang fra 2025 av Nutri-Scores effektivitet [1] og en gjennomgang av effekten av merking på pakken [4] konvergerer: merker flytter kjøp i ønsket retning, og skiftet er lite. Kriterievalideringsarbeid [2] tar for seg et annet og tidligere spørsmål — om algoritmen rangerer matvarer slik ernæringsvitenskapen ville gjort — og svaret er stort sett ja, med kjente unntak.

De kostholdsmessige indeksene som ligger til grunn for disse systemene har også blitt gransket [3], noe som er viktig fordi en profileringalgoritme koder omstridte vurderinger om hvilke næringsstoffer som skal vektlegges.

Effekter av merking på pakken

De kjente unntakene

Kritikere peker på at olivenolje, nøtter og ost scorer dårligere enn intuisjonen antyder, og at noen diettdrikker scorer godt. Noe av dette er rettferdig, og noe misforstår designet: Nutri-Score sammenligner innen kategorier på en per-100 g basis og er ikke en dom over hvorvidt en matvare hører hjemme i et sunt kosthold.

Nylige revisjoner av algoritmen adresserte flere av disse tilfellene. Det dypere poenget står: en enkelt bokstav kan ikke kode alt om en matvare, og å behandle det som om det gjør det, er en misbruk snarere enn en feil.

Hva en helsepåstand juridisk betyr

I EU er ernærings- og helsepåstander regulert: kun autoriserte påstander med et akseptert evidensgrunnlag kan vises, og hver er knyttet til spesifikke bruksbetingelser. "Bidrar til normal immunfunksjon" er en lisensiert frase med et definert grunnlag, ikke markedsføringsprosa.

Det som ikke er regulert, er alt som omgir det — bilder, språk om opprinnelse, og termer som "naturlig" eller "helsebringende". Den regulerte påstanden er ofte den minst villedende uttalelsen på pakken.

Vanlige spørsmål

Er Nutri-Score nøyaktig?
Valideringsarbeid finner at det rangerer matvarer stort sett i tråd med næringskvalitet [2], med grensetilfeller og revisjoner.
Hvorfor scorer olivenolje dårlig?
Den er energitett og scores per 100 g. Systemet sammenligner innenfor kategorier fremfor å erklære matvarer gode eller dårlige.
Endrer merker atferd?
Beskjedent [1][4]. Omformulering er trolig den større effekten.
Bør Nutri-Score være obligatorisk i EU?
Et politisk spørsmål. Dokumentasjonen støtter «det hjelper litt og gjør ingen skade», som er et svakere argument enn det begge leire fremsetter.
Kjølte frukt- og grønnsaksutstillinger i en matbutikk i Stockholm
Frankie Fouganthin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Relatert lesing

Bevisene bak denne siden En stablet stolpe som viser sammensetningen av de 40 publikasjonene som er sitert på denne siden etter studietype. 1622meta-analysis (16)randomised trial (22)review (2)
40 publikasjoner, 2002–2026. Dette er en blanding av både studier og synteser, som er posisjonen hvor et krav om årsak er rimelig. Kilde: denne sidens egen sitatliste, nedenfor.

Referanser

Hver henvisning nedenfor lenker til den originale fagfellevurderte artikkelen på PubMed eller via DOI. Ingenting her er en erstatning for medisinsk råd.

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  5. The Potential Effectiveness of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857543
  6. The Potential Effectiveness of Nutrient Declarations and Nutrition and Health Claims for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857539
  7. Impact of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in consumer understanding and use across socio-economic status: A systematic review Shrestha A, Cullerton K, White KM, et al. · Appetite · 2023 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 37169260
  8. Lifestyle, psychological and socio-demographic drivers in functional food choice: a systematic literature review based on bibliometric and network analysis Zanchini R, Di Vita G, Brun F · International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2022 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 35264074
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  12. The relationship between food label use and dietary intake in adults: A systematic review Anastasiou K, Miller M, Dickinson K · Appetite · 2019 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31010704
  13. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims proposed under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the area of blood glucose and insulin concentrations Martini D, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, et al. · Acta diabetologica · 2018 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 29383587
  14. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: functional foods Crowe KM, Francis C · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2013 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 23885705
  15. Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials Williamson G, Coppens P, Serra-Majem L, et al. · Food & function · 2011 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 21927741
  16. Position of the American Dietetic Association: functional foods Hasler CM, Brown AC · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 2009 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 19338113
  17. Cow's milk compared to oat drink and its implications for lipid profile- a pilot randomized controlled trial Rosendahl-Riise H, Gravrok EO, Rung SL, et al. · Nutrition journal · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41851782Full text
  18. Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan-enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial Hjorth T, Schadow A, Revheim I, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40571100Full text
  19. Nutri-score label influence on food purchase intention depends on consumers' expectations of healthiness Yamim AP, Werle COC · Appetite · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 39827945
  20. Do financial constraint and perceived stress modify the effects of food tax schemes on food purchases: moderation analyses in a virtual supermarket experiment Djojosoeparto SK, Poelman MP, Eykelenboom M, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38224250Full text
  21. A randomized controlled trial to test the effects of displaying the Nutri-Score in food advertising on consumer perceptions and intentions to purchase and consume Courbet D, Jacquemier L, Hercberg S, et al. · The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38622707Full text
  22. A Randomized Controlled Study to Test Front-of-Pack (FOP) Nutrition Labels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Shin S, Alqunaibet AM, Alsukait RF, et al. · Nutrients · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 37447230Full text
  23. The impact of the nutri-score on food choice: A choice experiment in a Dutch supermarket van den Akker K, Bartelet D, Brouwer L, et al. · Appetite · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34453996
  24. Impact of front-of-pack labels on the perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink: a randomised experiment in five countries Jáuregui A, White CM, Vanderlee L, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34726144Full text
  25. Effects of Digital Food Labels on Healthy Food Choices in Online Grocery Shopping Fuchs KL, Lian J, Michels L, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35631185Full text
  26. Secondary Outcomes of a Front-of-Pack-Labelling Randomised Controlled Experiment in a Representative British Sample: Understanding, Ranking Speed and Perceptions Packer J, Russell SJ, Ridout D, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35683988Full text
  27. Labels Affect Food Choices, but in What Ways? Kühne SJ, Reijnen E, Granja G, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35956380Full text
  28. Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery: Effects on Performance and Preference in Italian Consumers Fialon M, Serafini M, Galan P, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36079769Full text
  29. Impact of different front-of-pack nutrition labels on online food choices Santos O, Alarcão V, Feteira-Santos R, et al. · Appetite · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32798050
  30. Understanding of different front-of-package labels by the Spanish population: Results of a comparative study Galan P, Egnell M, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. · Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31122890
  31. Enhancing the effectiveness of the Health Star Rating via presentation modifications Pettigrew S, Dana L, Talati Z · Australian and New Zealand journal of public health · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31777119
  32. Randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of within versus across-category front-of-package lower-calorie labelling on food demand Finkelstein EA, Ang FJL, Doble B · BMC public health · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32164634Full text
  33. Pilot randomized controlled trial testing the influence of front-of-pack sugar warning labels on food demand Ang FJL, Agrawal S, Finkelstein EA · BMC public health · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 30732609Full text
  34. Acceptability and understanding of front-of-pack nutritional labels: an experimental study in Mexican consumers Vargas-Meza J, Jáuregui A, Contreras-Manzano A, et al. · BMC public health · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31888575Full text
  35. The Effect of Randomly Providing Nutri-Score Information on Actual Purchases in Colombia Mora-García CA, Tobar LF, Young JC · Nutrients · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 30813605Full text
  36. A randomised controlled trial comparing a dietary antiplatelet, the water-soluble tomato extract Fruitflow, with 75 mg aspirin in healthy subjects O'Kennedy N, Crosbie L, Song HJ, et al. · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2017 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 27876806Full text
  37. Prebiotic Potential of a Maize-Based Soluble Fibre and Impact of Dose on the Human Gut Microbiota Costabile A, Deaville ER, Morales AM, et al. · PloS one · 2016 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 26731113Full text
  38. Behavioural effects of directive cues on front-of-package nutrition information: the combination matters! Koenigstorfer J, Wąsowicz-Kiryło G, Styśko-Kunkowska M, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2014 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 23954043Full text
  39. Not all nutrition claims are perceived equal: anchoring effects and moderating mechanisms in food advertising Paek HJ, Yoon HJ, Hove T · Health communication · 2011 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 21308579
  40. Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits: serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trial Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Vuksan V, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2002 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 11976156

Denne siden ble oversatt automatisk fra engelsk. Henvisningene og tallene er uendret. Les den engelske originalen hvis noe virker merkelig. Les den engelske originalen