Food Label Evidence

Merkelapp

Endrer Nutri-Score hva folk kjøper?

Noe. Den større effekten kan være at produsenter reformulerer for å oppnå bedre poengsum, noe som ikke er hva debatten vanligvis handler om.

Oppdatert 2 min lesetid 40 henvisninger Bevisstyrke 4/5

Inndelt skolematbrett som holder korn, protein, meieriprodukter, grønnsaker og frukt
U.S. Department of Agriculture · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Hva gjennomgangene finner

En systematisk gjennomgang fra 2025 av Nutri-Scores effektivitet [1] og en gjennomgang av effekten av merking på pakken [4] konvergerer: merker flytter kjøp i ønsket retning, og skiftet er lite. Kriterievalideringsarbeid [2] tar for seg et annet og tidligere spørsmål — om algoritmen rangerer matvarer slik ernæringsvitenskapen ville gjort — og svaret er stort sett ja, med kjente unntak.

De kostholdsmessige indeksene som ligger til grunn for disse systemene har også blitt gransket [3], noe som er viktig fordi en profileringalgoritme koder omstridte vurderinger om hvilke næringsstoffer som skal vektlegges.

Effekter av merking på pakken

De kjente unntakene

Kritikere peker på at olivenolje, nøtter og ost scorer dårligere enn intuisjonen antyder, og at noen diettdrikker scorer godt. Noe av dette er rettferdig, og noe misforstår designet: Nutri-Score sammenligner innen kategorier på en per-100 g basis og er ikke en dom over hvorvidt en matvare hører hjemme i et sunt kosthold.

Nylige revisjoner av algoritmen adresserte flere av disse tilfellene. Det dypere poenget står: en enkelt bokstav kan ikke kode alt om en matvare, og å behandle det som om det gjør det, er en misbruk snarere enn en feil.

Hva en helsepåstand juridisk betyr

I EU er ernærings- og helsepåstander regulert: kun autoriserte påstander med et akseptert evidensgrunnlag kan vises, og hver er knyttet til spesifikke bruksbetingelser. "Bidrar til normal immunfunksjon" er en lisensiert frase med et definert grunnlag, ikke markedsføringsprosa.

Det som ikke er regulert, er alt som omgir det — bilder, språk om opprinnelse, og termer som "naturlig" eller "helsebringende". Den regulerte påstanden er ofte den minst villedende uttalelsen på pakken.

Vanlige spørsmål

Er Nutri-Score nøyaktig?
Valideringsarbeid finner at det rangerer matvarer stort sett i tråd med næringskvalitet [2], med grensetilfeller og revisjoner.
Hvorfor scorer olivenolje dårlig?
Den er energitett og scores per 100 g. Systemet sammenligner innenfor kategorier fremfor å erklære matvarer gode eller dårlige.
Endrer merker atferd?
Beskjedent [1][4]. Omformulering er trolig den større effekten.
Bør Nutri-Score være obligatorisk i EU?
Et politisk spørsmål. Dokumentasjonen støtter «det hjelper litt og gjør ingen skade», som er et svakere argument enn det begge leire fremsetter.
Kjølte frukt- og grønnsaksutstillinger i en matbutikk i Stockholm
Frankie Fouganthin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Relatert lesing

Bevisene bak denne siden En stablet stolpe som viser sammensetningen av de 40 publikasjonene som er sitert på denne siden etter studietype. 1622meta-analysis (16)randomised trial (22)review (2)
40 publikasjoner, 2002–2026. Dette er en blanding av både studier og synteser, som er posisjonen hvor et krav om årsak er rimelig. Kilde: denne sidens egen sitatliste, nedenfor.

Referanser

Hver henvisning nedenfor lenker til den originale fagfellevurderte artikkelen på PubMed eller via DOI. Ingenting her er en erstatning for medisinsk råd.

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  5. The Potential Effectiveness of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857543
  6. The Potential Effectiveness of Nutrient Declarations and Nutrition and Health Claims for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857539
  7. Impact of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in consumer understanding and use across socio-economic status: A systematic review Shrestha A, Cullerton K, White KM, et al. · Appetite · 2023 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 37169260
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  11. Health Benefits of Whey or Colostrum Supplementation in Adults ≥35 Years; a Systematic Review Blair M, Kellow NJ, Dordevic AL, et al. · Nutrients · 2020 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31979025Full text
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  13. Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption Crockett RA, King SE, Marteau TM, et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 29482264Full text
  14. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims proposed under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the area of blood glucose and insulin concentrations Martini D, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, et al. · Acta diabetologica · 2018 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 29383587
  15. Consumers' responses to health claims in the context of other on-pack nutrition information: a systematic review Talati Z, Pettigrew S, Neal B, et al. · Nutrition reviews · 2017 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 28371913
  16. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: functional foods Crowe KM, Francis C · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2013 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 23885705
  17. Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials Williamson G, Coppens P, Serra-Majem L, et al. · Food & function · 2011 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 21927741
  18. Position of the American Dietetic Association: functional foods Hasler CM, Brown AC · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 2009 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 19338113
  19. Health claims increase snack consumption through reduced guilt and perceived healthiness Arslan N · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 42664557
  20. Cow's milk compared to oat drink and its implications for lipid profile- a pilot randomized controlled trial Rosendahl-Riise H, Gravrok EO, Rung SL, et al. · Nutrition journal · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41851782Full text
  21. Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan-enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial Hjorth T, Schadow A, Revheim I, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40571100Full text
  22. Nutri-score label influence on food purchase intention depends on consumers' expectations of healthiness Yamim AP, Werle COC · Appetite · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 39827945
  23. Parent and Child Choice of Sugary Drinks Under Four Labelling Conditions Talati Z, McAlpine T, Mackenzie K, et al. · Nutrients · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40507188Full text
  24. Do financial constraint and perceived stress modify the effects of food tax schemes on food purchases: moderation analyses in a virtual supermarket experiment Djojosoeparto SK, Poelman MP, Eykelenboom M, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38224250Full text
  25. A randomized controlled trial to test the effects of displaying the Nutri-Score in food advertising on consumer perceptions and intentions to purchase and consume Courbet D, Jacquemier L, Hercberg S, et al. · The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38622707Full text
  26. Becoming Healthier without Paying More? Experimental Evidence from the Impact of Multiple Traffic Lights on Chinese College Students Lin J, Wang T, Lin W · Nutrients · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38999872Full text
  27. A Randomized Controlled Study to Test Front-of-Pack (FOP) Nutrition Labels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Shin S, Alqunaibet AM, Alsukait RF, et al. · Nutrients · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 37447230Full text
  28. The impact of the nutri-score on food choice: A choice experiment in a Dutch supermarket van den Akker K, Bartelet D, Brouwer L, et al. · Appetite · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34453996
  29. Impact of front-of-pack labels on the perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink: a randomised experiment in five countries Jáuregui A, White CM, Vanderlee L, et al. · Public health nutrition · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34726144Full text
  30. Effects of Digital Food Labels on Healthy Food Choices in Online Grocery Shopping Fuchs KL, Lian J, Michels L, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35631185Full text
  31. Secondary Outcomes of a Front-of-Pack-Labelling Randomised Controlled Experiment in a Representative British Sample: Understanding, Ranking Speed and Perceptions Packer J, Russell SJ, Ridout D, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35683988Full text
  32. Labels Affect Food Choices, but in What Ways? Kühne SJ, Reijnen E, Granja G, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35956380Full text
  33. Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery: Effects on Performance and Preference in Italian Consumers Fialon M, Serafini M, Galan P, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36079769Full text
  34. Health gains through loss frames: Testing the effectiveness of message framing on citizens' use of nutritional warnings Eguren J, Antúnez L, Otterbring T, et al. · Appetite · 2021 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34146646
  35. Impact of different front-of-pack nutrition labels on online food choices Santos O, Alarcão V, Feteira-Santos R, et al. · Appetite · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32798050
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  38. Randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of within versus across-category front-of-package lower-calorie labelling on food demand Finkelstein EA, Ang FJL, Doble B · BMC public health · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32164634Full text
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  40. Acceptability and understanding of front-of-pack nutritional labels: an experimental study in Mexican consumers Vargas-Meza J, Jáuregui A, Contreras-Manzano A, et al. · BMC public health · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31888575Full text

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