Food Label Evidence

Označavanje

Da li Nutri-Score zapravo mijenja što ljudi kupuju?

Donekle. Veći učinak može biti na proizvođače koji reformuliraju kako bi postigli bolji rezultat, što obično nije tema rasprave.

Ažurirano 2 min čitanja 32 citati Snaga dokaza 4/5

Što recenzije otkrivaju

Sustavna recenzija iz 2025. godine o učinkovitosti Nutri-Score [1] i recenzija utjecaja označavanja na prednjoj strani pakiranja [4] se poklapaju: oznake pomiču kupovinu u željenom smjeru, a pomak je mali. Rad na kriterijskoj validaciji [2] se bavi drugačijim i prethodnim pitanjem — da li algoritam rangira hranu onako kako bi to učinila nutricionistička znanost — a odgovor je u širokom smislu da, uz poznate rubne slučajeve.

Dijetalni indeksi koji leže u osnovi ovih sustava također su bili podvrgnuti pregledu [3], što je važno jer algoritam profiliranja kodira spornjačke prosudbe o tome koje nutrijente treba vrednovati.

Učinci označavanja na prednjoj strani pakiranja

Poznati rubni slučajevi

Kritičari ukazuju na to da maslinovo ulje, orašasti plodovi i sir imaju lošije rezultate nego što intuicija sugerira, te na to da neki dijetni napici imaju dobre rezultate. Neki od ovih komentara su opravdani, a neki pogrešno shvaćaju dizajn: Nutri-Score uspoređuje unutar kategorija na osnovi per-100 g i nije presuda o tome pripada li hrana zdravoj prehrani.

Nedavne revizije algoritma su se bavile nekoliko ovih slučajeva. Dublja poanta ostaje: jedna slova ne mogu kodirati sve o hrani, a tretiranje kao da mogu je zloupotreba, a ne greška.

Što pravno znači zdravstvena tvrdnja

U EU, prehrambene i zdravstvene tvrdnje su regulirane: samo ovlaštene tvrdnje s prihvaćenom bazom dokaza mogu se pojaviti, a svaka je vezana uz specifične uvjete korištenja. "Doprinosi normalnoj funkciji imunološkog sustava" je licencirana fraza s definiranim osnovama, a ne marketinški tekst.

Ono što nije regulirano je sve što je oko toga — slike, jezik podrijetla i izrazi poput "prirodno" ili "zdravo". Regulirana tvrdnja često je najmanje obmanjujuća izjava na pakiranju.

Česta pitanja

Je li Nutri-Score točan?
Rad na validaciji pokazuje da rangira hranu u širokom skladu s nutritivnom kvalitetom [2], uz rubne slučajeve i revizije.
Zašto maslinovo ulje loše prolazi?
Ono je energetski gusto i ocjenjuje se po 100 g. Sustav uspoređuje unutar kategorija umjesto da proglašava hranu dobrom ili lošom.
Mijenjaju li oznake ponašanje?
Skromno [1][4]. Reformulacija može biti veći učinak.
Trebaju li Nutri-Score biti obavezni u EU?
Političko pitanje. Dokazi podržavaju "pomalo pomaže i ne šteti", što je slabiji slučaj od onoga što svaka strana tvrdi.

Reference

Svaka citacija u nastavku povezuje na izvorni recenzirani zapis na PubMedu ili putem DOI-a. Ništa ovdje nije zamjena za medicinski savjet.

  1. Efficacy of phytosterols for reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and updated dose-response meta-analyses of randomized trials Zurbau A, Haintz L, Chen V, et al. · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 42275989
  2. Nutri-Score effectiveness in improving consumers' nutrition literacy, food choices, health, and healthy eating pattern adherence: A systematic review Muzzioli L, Scenna D, Frigerio F, et al. · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40712552
  3. Criterion validation of nutrient profiling systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis Barrett EM, Afrin H, Rayner M, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 37863430
  4. Dietary indices underpinning front-of-pack nutrition labels and health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies Montericcio A, Bonaccio M, Ghulam A, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 38145705
  5. The Potential Effectiveness of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857543
  6. The Potential Effectiveness of Nutrient Declarations and Nutrition and Health Claims for Improving Population Diets Kelly B, Ng SH, Carrad A, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38857539
  7. Impact of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in consumer understanding and use across socio-economic status: A systematic review Shrestha A, Cullerton K, White KM, et al. · Appetite · 2023 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 37169260
  8. Lifestyle, psychological and socio-demographic drivers in functional food choice: a systematic literature review based on bibliometric and network analysis Zanchini R, Di Vita G, Brun F · International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2022 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 35264074
  9. A Systematic Review of Salt Reduction Initiatives Around the World: A Midterm Evaluation of Progress Towards the 2025 Global Non-Communicable Diseases Salt Reduction Target Santos JA, Tekle D, Rosewarne E, et al. · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 33693460Full text
  10. Impact of color-coded and warning nutrition labelling schemes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis Song J, Brown MK, Tan M, et al. · PLoS medicine · 2021 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 34610024Full text
  11. Health Benefits of Whey or Colostrum Supplementation in Adults ≥35 Years; a Systematic Review Blair M, Kellow NJ, Dordevic AL, et al. · Nutrients · 2020 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31979025Full text
  12. The relationship between food label use and dietary intake in adults: A systematic review Anastasiou K, Miller M, Dickinson K · Appetite · 2019 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31010704
  13. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims proposed under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the area of blood glucose and insulin concentrations Martini D, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, et al. · Acta diabetologica · 2018 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 29383587
  14. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: functional foods Crowe KM, Francis C · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2013 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 23885705
  15. Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials Williamson G, Coppens P, Serra-Majem L, et al. · Food & function · 2011 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 21927741
  16. Position of the American Dietetic Association: functional foods Hasler CM, Brown AC · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 2009 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 19338113
  17. Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan-enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial Hjorth T, Schadow A, Revheim I, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40571100Full text
  18. A randomized controlled trial to test the effects of displaying the Nutri-Score in food advertising on consumer perceptions and intentions to purchase and consume Courbet D, Jacquemier L, Hercberg S, et al. · The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38622707Full text
  19. The impact of the nutri-score on food choice: A choice experiment in a Dutch supermarket van den Akker K, Bartelet D, Brouwer L, et al. · Appetite · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34453996
  20. Labels Affect Food Choices, but in What Ways? Kühne SJ, Reijnen E, Granja G, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35956380Full text
  21. Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery: Effects on Performance and Preference in Italian Consumers Fialon M, Serafini M, Galan P, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36079769Full text
  22. Impact of different front-of-pack nutrition labels on online food choices Santos O, Alarcão V, Feteira-Santos R, et al. · Appetite · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32798050
  23. Functional Foods in Modern Nutrition Science: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Public Health Implications Fekete M, Lehoczki A, Kryczyk-Poprawa A, et al. · Nutrients · 2025 · Review DOIPubMed 40647258Full text
  24. Establishing an EU-wide front-of-pack nutrition label: Review of options and model-based evaluation Devaux M, Aldea A, Lerouge A, et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2024 · Review DOIPubMed 38326224
  25. Towards unified and impactful policies to reduce ultra-processed food consumption and promote healthier eating Popkin BM, Barquera S, Corvalan C, et al. · The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2021 · Review DOIPubMed 33865500Full text
  26. The Influence of Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling on Consumer Behavior and Product Reformulation Roberto CA, Ng SW, Ganderats-Fuentes M, et al. · Annual review of nutrition · 2021 · Review DOIPubMed 34339293
  27. Impact of Salt Intake on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hypertension Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2017 · Review DOIPubMed 27757935
  28. Appetite control: methodological aspects of the evaluation of foods Blundell J, de Graaf C, Hulshof T, et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2010 · Review DOIPubMed 20122136Full text
  29. Purchase behavior reported by Mexican adults after implementing the front-of-pack warning labels Sagaceta-Mejia J, Durán R, Munguía A, et al. · Salud publica de Mexico · 2025 · Journal article DOIPubMed 41150992
  30. [Nutri-Score: A public health tool validated by science and fought by agri-food lobbies] Hercberg S · Bulletin du cancer · 2024 · Journal article DOIPubMed 38565441
  31. Front-of-pack labels: "Directive" versus "informative" approaches Donini LM, Berry EM, Folkvord F, et al. · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2023 · Journal article DOIPubMed 36401998
  32. "Front-of-pack" nutrition labeling Sinu Scientific Board, Sinu Scientific Committee · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2021 · Journal article DOIPubMed 34565661

Ova stranica je automatski prevedena s engleskog. Citati i brojevi su nepromijenjeni. Pročitajte engleski izvorni tekst ako išta zvuči čudno. Pročitajte engleski izvorni tekst